COLUMBUS, Ohio — The extreme drought this summer may lead to an earlier fall foliage this year.
The central Ohio area has been in an extreme drought with it’s last measurable rain of 0.08” back on Sept. 6. The last time the area had a decent amount of rain was back on Aug. 17 with just over half an inch.
These dry conditions put a lot of stress on trees as the lack of water reduces the tree’s ability to perform photosynthesis effectively. As a result, chlorophyll production decreases, leading to an earlier breakdown of chlorophyll than would typically occur.
Chlorophyll is what makes leaves look green. This pigment absorbs sunlight and is crucial for converting carbon dioxide and water into sugars through photosynthesis. As long as there is sufficient sunlight and warm temperatures, chlorophyll production continues, keeping leaves green.
As autumn approaches, several environmental changes signal trees to prepare for winter. The days become shorter, and temperatures drop. These changes trigger a physiological response in deciduous trees (trees that shed their leaves). The reduction in daylight hours leads to a decrease in chlorophyll production.
With less chlorophyll being produced due to the drought, existing chlorophyll molecules begin to break down. As this happens, the vibrant green color fades away, revealing other pigments that were previously masked by the abundance of chlorophyll.
This year, however, because of the extreme drought, this chlorophyll will break down sooner, causing trees to drop their leaves a couple weeks early. Not only will the leaves fall of prematurely, but the colors won’t be as vibrant due to less chlorophyll production.
Average peak foliage in central Ohio is Oct. 15-29, but this year it may be a week or two earlier.